Between the foramina of C2 and C1, the artery curves laterally and somewhat anteriorly. It runs vertically (V2 segment) through the foramina of the transverse processes from C6 to C2, surrounded by the venous plexus. The artery can enter the foramen at the inferior or superior level (Huber 1979). This first segment of the VA has been called Vl (Huber 1979 Osborn 1999). It runs posterosuperiorly behind the anterior scalene muscle, commonly reaching the foramen of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. The vertebral artery (VA) originates from the subclavian artery. It is conceivable that these curves protect the VA, allowing it to accommodate more easily movement in the atlantooccipital region (Fig. Exiting from C1 begins the V3 segment, which curves backward, running in the sulcus of the posterior arch of C1 it then forms a second upward and forward curve and reaches the foramen magnum, where the artery penetrates the dura and forms its last segment (V4). It runs further vertically through the foramina of the transverse processes from C6 to C2 (the V2 segment), surrounded by the venous plexus.
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